北检（北京）检测技术研究院

This practice can be used to evaluate the performance of different lots of toner in a common machine. It can also be used to evaluate the economics of toner and dispersant usage when making machine-to-machine comparisons.

This practice provides only a point estimate that is subject to a significant number of variables that are not easily measured. Those making decisions based on the results of this practice should carefully consider the accuracy of the results and other pertinent data.

Actual use of the copier in normal operating conditions will most likely result in toner and dispersant usage values different from those generated using this practice.

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for estimating the number of copies that can be produced for a given unit of toner and a given unit of dispersant in a copier utilizing liquid developer.

1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns if any associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This practice can be used to evaluate the performance of different lots of toner in a common machine. It can also be used to evaluate the economics of toner and dispersant usage when making machine-to-machine comparisons.

This practice provides only a point estimate that is subject to a significant number of variables that are not easily measured. Those making decisions based on the results of this practice should carefully consider the accuracy of the results and other pertinent data.

Actual use of the copier in normal operating conditions will most likely result in toner and dispersant usage values different from those generated using this practice.

1.1 This practice describes a procedure for estimating the number of copies that can be produced for a given unit of toner and a given unit of dispersant in a copier utilizing liquid developer.

1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

The deposition of an aerially applied dispersant is defined as the amount of an aerially applied dispersant that contacts the surface; whereas application dosage (frequently referred to as application rate) is the amount of material that is released per unit area by the delivery system. The units of deposition are litres per hectare or U.S. gallons per acre. The deposition may differ from the application dosage (volume of material per unit area) for many reasons such as the effects of wind on the spray and the evaporation of the dispersant after it has been released from the aircraft.

This test method describes the measurement of the ability of a spray system to deposit a dispersant on oil. It is not intended that this test method be used at the time of a spill. These techniques are intended to determine the equipment performance during the development of new systems and after the repair or significant modification of a system.

The data obtained from the use of this test method can be directly related to the deposition of dispersant on an oil slick and thus can serve to determine both the dispersant deposition and the droplet size.

Dispersant deposition and droplet size data can be used as a technical basis for the optimization of dispersant application equipment and its use.

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the deposition of an aerially applied dispersant on the surface of the ground or water. The test method of obtaining these measurements is described and the analysis of the results in terms of dispersant use is considered. There are a number of techniques that have been developed and this test method outlines their application. These measurements can be used to confirm or verify the specifications of a given equipment set its proper functioning and use.

1.2 This test method is applicable to systems used with helicopters or airplanes.

1.3 This test method is one of four related to dispersant application systems. Guide F 1413 covers design Practice F 1460 covers calibration Test Method F 1738 covers deposition and Guide F 1737 covers the use of the systems. Familiarity with all four standards is recommended.

1.4 There are some exposure and occupational health concerns regarding the methods described. These are not discussed in this test method since they are a function of dispersant formulation. Anyone undertaking such experiments should consult the occupational health experts of the dispersant manufacturer regarding the precautions to be used.

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

A standard test is necessary to establish a baseline performance parameter so that dispersants can be compared a given dispersant can be compared for effectiveness on different oils and at different oil weathering stages and batches of dispersant or oils can be checked for effectiveness changes with time or other factors.

Dispersant effectiveness varies with oil type sea energy oil conditions salinity and many other factors. Test results from this test method form a baseline but are not to be taken as the absolute measure of performance at sea. Actual field effectiveness could be more or less than this value.

Many dispersant tests have been developed around the world. This test has been developed over many years using findings from world-wide testing to use standardized equipment test procedures and to overcome difficulties noted in other test procedures.

1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the effectiveness of oil spill dispersants on various oils in the laboratory. This test method is not applicable to other chemical agents nor to the use of such products or dispersants in open waters.

1.2 This test method covers the use of the swirling flask test apparatus and does not cover other apparatuses nor are the analytical procedures described in this report directly applicable to such procedures.

1.3 The test results obtained using this test method are intended to provide baseline effectiveness values used to compare dispersants and oil types under conditions analogous to those used in the test.

1.4 The test results obtained using this test method are effectiveness values that should be cited as test values derived from this standard test. Dispersant effectiveness values do not directly relate to effectiveness at sea or in other apparatuses. Actual effectiveness at sea is dependant on sea energy oil state temperature actual dispersant dosage and amount of dispersant that enters the oil.

1.5 The decision to use or not use a dispersant on an oil should not be based solely on this or any other laboratory test method.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.1 This test method covers the procedure to determine the effectiveness of oil spill dispersants on various oils in the laboratory. This test method is not applicable to other chemical agents nor to the use of such products or dispersants in open waters.

1.2 This test method covers the use of the swirling flask test apparatus and does not cover other apparatuses nor are the analytical procedures described in this report directly applicable to such procedures.

1.3 The test results obtained using this test method are effectiveness values that should be cited as test values derived from this standard test. Effectiveness values do not directly relate to effectiveness at sea or in other apparatuses. Actual effectiveness at sea is dependant on sea energy and amount of dispersant that enters the oil.

1.4 The test results obtained using this test method are intended to provide baseline effectiveness values used to compare dispersants and oil types under conditions analogous to those used in the test.

1.5 The decision to use or not use a dispersant on an oil should not be based solely on this or other laboratory test method.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.